Stomach cancer, also referred to as gastric cancer, is a type of cancer that begins in the stomach. This muscular organ, located in the upper middle of the abdomen just below the ribs, plays a critical role in digestion by breaking down food with stomach acid and enzymes.
How Common is Stomach Cancer?
Globally, stomach cancer is among the most prevalent types of cancer, though its occurrence varies significantly across regions. It is particularly common in Eastern Asia, Eastern Europe, and certain areas of South America.
Recognizing Symptoms of Stomach Cancer
Stomach cancer often develops slowly, with early symptoms being vague or nonexistent. As the disease progresses, more noticeable signs emerge. Common symptoms include:
– Indigestion or stomach discomfort
– A bloated feeling after eating
– Mild nausea
– Loss of appetite
– Heartburn
In advanced stages, additional symptoms may appear:
– Weight loss
– Blood in the stool
– Vomiting
– Stomach pain
– Yellowing of the skin and eyes
– Difficulty swallowing
What Causes Stomach Cancer?
Although the exact cause of stomach cancer remains unclear, several risk factors have been identified, including:
Helicobacter Pylori Infection: A common bacterial infection linked to stomach inflammation and cancer.
Chronic Gastritis: Long-term stomach lining inflammation.
Smoking: Smokers face a higher risk of developing stomach cancer.
Diet: High consumption of salty, smoked foods and low intake of fruits and vegetables increase risk.
Family history Having a close relative with stomach cancer elevates the risk.
Pernicious anemia and long-term acid reflux are also contributing factors.
Diagnosis of Stomach Cancer
Diagnosing stomach cancer involves a combination of methods, such as physical exams, endoscopy, imaging tests, biopsies, and blood tests. Endoscopy with biopsy remains the definitive diagnostic method.
Treatment Options for Stomach Cancer
Treatment depends on the stage of cancer and the patient’s overall health. Options include:
Surgery: Removal of the tumor and affected tissue. In severe cases, partial or total stomach removal may be required.
Chemotherapy: Used before or after surgery to shrink tumors or eliminate residual cancer cells.
Radiation Therapy: Targets and destroys cancer cells using high-energy radiation, often combined with chemotherapy.
Targeted Therapy: Drugs that specifically target cancer cell growth mechanisms.
Immunotherapy: Enhances the immune system’s ability to combat cancer.
Understanding stomach cancer, its symptoms, causes, and treatments, is critical to seeking timely medical care. If you or someone you know is at risk, consult a healthcare professional for guidance and support.
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