What is Periodontology? (Gum Diseases)
Periodontology focuses on the health of the structures that support teeth, including gums and surrounding tissues. Although tooth roots remain hidden beneath the surface, they play a critical role in keeping teeth stable and healthy.
A healthy mouth includes bone surrounding the tooth roots, connective fibers that secure the bond between the tooth and bone, and gum tissue that encases this structure. When damage occurs in this system, it can lead to various issues and discomfort. Gum diseases, classified under different categories, often begin with a simple gum infection and may progress to bone deterioration and eventual tooth loss.
What are Periodontal Diseases?
Common periodontal diseases include conditions such as gingivitis, chronic periodontitis, and gingival abscesses.
If diagnosed early, gum diseases can often be treated without surgery. Treatment typically involves cleaning the teeth and roots, followed by guidance on proper oral hygiene.
In more advanced stages, surgical intervention may be required.
What are the Symptoms of Gum Disease?
You should consult a dentist if you experience:
- Bleeding gums
- Swelling or redness in the gums
- Tenderness or abscesses
- Persistent bad breath
- Bruising or discoloration
Certain factors may contribute to the development of gum diseases, such as:
- Irregular tooth brushing
- Bacterial plaque buildup
- Underlying medical conditions
- Smoking
- Stress
- Excessive alcohol consumption
Neglect in these areas can lead to gum-related issues.
Preventive Measures Against Gum Disease
- Regular Brushing: Brush your teeth effectively at least twice a day. Take your time to clean all tooth surfaces thoroughly, including harder-to-reach areas like the back teeth and wisdom teeth.
- Proper Technique: Use gentle oval motions to clean along the gum line and massage the gums while brushing.
- Flossing and Cleaning: Ensure your teeth are free from debris by flossing or using interdental brushes after brushing.
- Toothbrush Care: Replace your toothbrush every 2–3 months or sooner if it shows signs of wear. Using a simple flat manual brush regularly is more effective than overusing an expensive one.
- Address Bleeding Gums: Bleeding during brushing is not an excuse to stop; rather, it indicates inadequate cleaning. Regular brushing can reduce gum sensitivity and bleeding over time.
- Routine Dental Checkups: Visit your dentist every 5–6 months for a thorough examination. For individuals with conditions such as diabetes, pregnancy, or hormonal changes during adolescence, more frequent visits are recommended to prevent gum disease.
- Dental Scaling: Have dental tartar removed during regular checkups. While scaling is a basic treatment for gum health, advanced cases may require more specialized care.