Appendicitis is the inflammation of a small pouch called the appendix, located in the lower right side of the abdomen. The appendix is a finger-like structure, approximately 5-10 cm long and 3-6 mm in diameter, attached to the large intestine. It is a serious medical condition, often characterized by sudden and severe pain in the lower right abdominal area. Since the appendix is not a vital organ, its removal is a standard treatment when inflammation occurs to prevent complications.
Appendicitis is most common in individuals between the ages of 10 and 30. People with a family history of appendicitis, males, and those with cystic fibrosis are at higher risk of developing the condition.
What Causes Appendicitis?
Appendicitis is usually caused by a blockage in the appendix. This blockage can be due to stool, infections, bacteria, viruses, parasites, or, in rare cases, tumors. The blockage increases pressure inside the appendix, leading to inflammation and, if untreated, rupture.
Common causes of appendicitis include:
- Stool blockage
- Tumors or masses
- Viral and bacterial infections
- Parasitic infections
- Swelling or inflammation of the appendix
- Obstruction of bowel movements
In children, appendicitis may have different causes. Their narrower appendix structure makes it more susceptible to blockage. Additionally, common viral infections in children can trigger appendicitis.
How Does Appendicitis Pain Start?
Appendicitis pain typically begins around the navel as a mild discomfort. Over a few hours, the pain intensifies and moves to the lower right abdomen. The pain becomes persistent and severe, worsening with pressure, coughing, or movement.
Symptoms of Appendicitis
Appendicitis is characterized by sudden and progressively worsening pain. The main symptoms include:
- Pain starting around the belly button and moving to the lower right abdomen
- Pain that worsens with movement, coughing, or pressure
- Nausea and vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Fever
- Bloating and gas buildup
- Weakness and dry mouth
- Diarrhea or constipation
In pregnant women, appendicitis pain may be felt in different areas due to the growing uterus pushing the appendix upward. Pain might be experienced in the upper abdomen or back. In women, symptoms may sometimes be confused with menstrual cramps or ovarian cysts.
Signs of a Burst Appendix
If left untreated, appendicitis can lead to a rupture, which is a medical emergency. A ruptured appendix can cause a severe infection in the abdominal cavity (peritonitis) or bloodstream (sepsis).
Signs of a burst appendix include:
- Intense abdominal pain
- Swelling in the abdomen
- Gas buildup
- High fever
- Nausea and vomiting
- Dry mouth and fatigue
A ruptured appendix requires immediate medical attention and emergency surgery.
How is Appendicitis Diagnosed?
To diagnose appendicitis, doctors evaluate the patient’s symptoms and perform a physical examination. Additional diagnostic tests may include:
- Blood tests to check for infection
- Ultrasound imaging
- Computed Tomography (CT) scan for a more detailed view
- In children and pregnant women, ultrasound is preferred over CT scans to avoid radiation exposure.
How is Appendicitis Treated?
The primary treatment for appendicitis is surgery, known as an appendectomy. The appendix is removed either through open surgery or a minimally invasive laparoscopic procedure. Laparoscopic surgery is preferred as it involves smaller incisions, resulting in a quicker recovery.
Treatment options include:
- Surgical removal (Appendectomy) – the standard treatment for appendicitis.
- Antibiotic therapy – in rare cases where appendicitis is mild and has not ruptured, doctors may prescribe antibiotics instead of immediate surgery.
If left untreated, a ruptured appendix can lead to severe infections, abscesses, sepsis, and even death.
Post-Surgery Care for Appendicitis
After an appendectomy, patients should follow certain precautions to ensure a smooth recovery:
- Avoid heavy lifting for a few weeks.
- Refrain from driving for at least 10 days.
- Consume easily digestible, probiotic-rich foods like yogurt, kefir, and pickles.
- Avoid strenuous physical activities for some time.
Frequently Asked Questions About Appendicitis
When does appendicitis pain start?
Appendicitis pain usually develops within one or two days and progressively worsens.
Where is appendicitis pain felt?
Pain is typically felt in the lower right abdomen but can also radiate to the back, groin, or leg.
How long does an appendectomy take?
The surgery usually lasts between 30 to 60 minutes.
What diet should be followed after an appendectomy?
Easily digestible foods rich in probiotics help with recovery and prevent digestive issues.
What happens if appendicitis is not treated?
If not treated, appendicitis can lead to rupture, resulting in life-threatening complications such as peritonitis and sepsis.
Appendicitis is a medical emergency that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. If you experience severe abdominal pain, fever, nausea, or vomiting, seek medical attention immediately. At Erdem Hospital, we are dedicated to providing top-quality healthcare services to ensure the best outcomes for our patients.