A ganglion cyst, sometimes referred to as a biblical cyst, is a fluid-filled mass located beneath the skin. Typically formed due to a tear in the tissue around a joint or tendon, these cysts create a sac-like swelling. Although they are not malignant, ganglion cysts can cause discomfort, particularly if they are near a joint.
What Causes a Ganglion Cyst?
The exact cause of ganglion cysts remains unknown. However, it is believed that joint or tendon injuries may play a role. Overuse of the affected joint can also exacerbate the condition, potentially increasing the cyst’s size. Resting the joint, on the other hand, may help reduce its size over time.
Symptoms of Ganglion Cysts
Ganglion cysts are often characterized by a visible bulge beneath the skin, which may vary in size and shape. While many cysts are painless, others can cause discomfort, especially if they press against nerves. Symptoms include muscle soreness, tingling sensations, and occasional inflammation. These cysts most commonly appear on the wrists, hands, ankles, and feet.
How is a Ganglion Cyst Diagnosed?
Doctors typically diagnose ganglion cysts through physical examinations. The appearance and location of the lump are often sufficient for identification. In some cases, a light test or imaging techniques like X-rays may be employed to rule out underlying conditions, such as arthritis.
Treatment Options for Ganglion Cysts
Medication
Medications can help reduce swelling and relieve mild discomfort associated with ganglion cysts.
Aspiration
Aspiration involves extracting fluid from the cyst using a needle. This minimally invasive procedure offers immediate relief but does not remove the cyst entirely, meaning symptoms might return.
Surgery
If other treatments are ineffective or the cyst recurs, surgery may be recommended. Known as ganglionectomy, this outpatient procedure removes the cyst entirely. Recovery typically takes two to six weeks, during which patients are advised to follow post-operative care guidelines closely.
After Surgery: What to Expect
Post-surgery, the incision will be stitched and bandaged to prevent infection and protect the area. Pain relievers may be prescribed for discomfort. For cysts removed from the hand or wrist, a sling may be recommended initially to minimize movement and reduce swelling. Patients are encouraged to contact their surgeon if they experience any complications.