HPV (Human Papillomavirus) is a common double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Papillomaviridae family. It settles on human skin and mucosa, affecting the mouth, throat, and genital area. It is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and can cause warts in these areas. Some types of HPV are linked to cervical cancer and other malignancies.
What Are the Symptoms of HPV?
The most common symptoms of HPV infection include warts appearing in the genital area, mouth, and throat. These warts may have a cauliflower-like appearance. Additionally, some types of HPV cause cellular changes in the cervix, which can be detected through a Pap smear test.
How Is HPV Transmitted?
HPV is primarily transmitted through sexual contact. However, it can also spread through direct skin-to-skin contact or shared personal hygiene items. In rare cases, HPV can be transmitted in communal areas such as public restrooms or bathhouses. Babies can contract HPV from their mothers during childbirth if the mother is HPV positive.
HPV and Cancer Risk
Certain high-risk HPV types are associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer. HPV 16 and HPV 18 are the most common high-risk types and can remain dormant for years before showing symptoms. Low-risk HPV types, on the other hand, mainly cause genital warts rather than cancer.
HPV Diagnosis and Testing
HPV diagnosis is confirmed through HPV DNA testing and Pap smear tests. These tests are primarily used to detect cervical cancer early. Women aged 30-65 are recommended to undergo HPV screening every five years.
Is There a Treatment for HPV?
There is no specific treatment for HPV itself. However, in most cases, the immune system clears the virus within 1-2 years. Treatments focus on removing warts through cryotherapy (freezing), electrocautery (burning), or surgical removal. Precancerous cervical lesions caused by HPV can be treated with procedures such as LEEP or conization.
How to Prevent HPV?
The most effective way to prevent HPV is vaccination. The HPV vaccine provides immunity against high-risk HPV types and significantly reduces the risk of cervical cancer. Using condoms during sexual intercourse and undergoing regular screening tests also play a vital role in prevention. Practicing monogamy, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and keeping the immune system strong can further reduce the spread of HPV.
HPV Vaccine and Its Importance
The HPV vaccine is recommended for individuals aged 9-45. For children aged 9-14, two doses of the vaccine are sufficient to build immunity, while those aged 15 and older require three doses. The vaccine not only protects against cervical cancer but also reduces the risk of other HPV-related cancers, including head and neck, anal, and genital cancers.
At Erdem Hospital, we provide education on HPV awareness and offer the latest diagnostic and treatment methods. For more information, HPV testing, or vaccination services, you can contact our specialists.