Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), commonly known as an enlarged prostate, is a prevalent condition that impacts aging men. While it is non-cancerous, the symptoms and complications of BPH can significantly affect the quality of life. This guide aims to provide a thorough understanding of BPH, its causes, symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatment options. Whether you’re seeking information for yourself or a loved one, Erdem Hospital is here to guide you every step of the way.
What Is an Enlarged Prostate (BPH)?
The prostate is a walnut-sized gland located just below the bladder and surrounding the urethra, the tube that expels urine from the body. With age, the prostate may gradually enlarge, potentially squeezing or partially obstructing the urethra. This condition is termed benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Causes of BPH
The exact cause of BPH isn’t entirely understood, but several factors contribute to its development:
- Aging: BPH is more common in men over 40, with risk increasing as one ages.
- Hormonal Changes: An imbalance in hormones like dihydrotestosterone (DHT), derived from testosterone, is believed to stimulate prostate cell growth.
- Genetics: A family history of BPH increases the likelihood of developing the condition.
- Lifestyle Factors: Obesity, lack of physical activity, and a high-fat diet can elevate risk.
- Chronic Inflammation: Persistent inflammation in the prostate may contribute to its enlargement.
- Underlying Health Conditions: Diabetes and heart disease have been linked to BPH.
Recognizing the Symptoms
Symptoms of BPH vary in severity and do not necessarily correlate with the size of the prostate. Common symptoms include:
- Frequent urination, particularly at night (nocturia).
- Urgency and difficulty in initiating urination.
- Weak or interrupted urine flow.
- A feeling of incomplete bladder emptying.
- Dribbling after urination.
- In severe cases, urinary retention or bladder infections.
How Is BPH Diagnosed?
- Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): A simple physical exam to evaluate the size and shape of the prostate.
- Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: Measures PSA levels in the blood to rule out other conditions like prostate cancer.
- Urinalysis: Identifies infections or abnormalities in the urine.
- Imaging Tests: Such as Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS) for detailed visualization of the prostate.
- Uroflowmetry and Cystoscopy: Evaluate urine flow and check for blockages.
Treatment Options at Erdem Hospital
Treatment for BPH depends on the severity of symptoms and their impact on daily life. Options include:
- Lifestyle Modifications: Managing fluid intake, limiting caffeine and alcohol, and maintaining a healthy weight can reduce symptoms.
- Medications:
Alpha-Blockers: Relax prostate muscles to ease urination.
5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors: Reduce prostate size by altering hormone levels.
Combination therapy for more effective results.
- Minimally Invasive Procedures:
Transurethral Microwave Thermotherapy (TUMT): Uses microwave energy to shrink the prostate.
Transurethral Needle Ablation (TUNA): Destroys excess tissue with radiofrequency energy.
- Surgical Interventions:
Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP): Removes excess tissue using a resectoscope.
Laser Therapies: GreenLight Laser Therapy and Holmium Laser Enucleation (HoLEP) offer precise removal of prostate tissue with minimal recovery time.
UroLift System: Places implants to relieve obstruction without removing prostate tissue.