What is In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)?
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where eggs are retrieved from the ovaries and fertilized with sperm in a laboratory setting. Once fertilized, the embryo is transferred to the uterus, where it may implant and develop into a pregnancy.
Why is IVF Performed?
IVF is typically recommended for couples who have been unable to conceive naturally due to infertility or health conditions. It may also be an option for same-sex couples or single individuals looking to start a family. IVF can address issues such as blocked fallopian tubes, low sperm count, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), or unexplained infertility.
Who Can Have IVF?
IVF is generally available to women under the age of 45 who have been trying to conceive for at least two years through unprotected sex or have undergone 12 cycles of artificial insemination.
IVF Success Rate
The success of IVF largely depends on the woman’s age and the cause of infertility. Women under 35 tend to have the highest success rates, while those over 42 have lower chances of achieving pregnancy through IVF.
How Long is the IVF Process?
An IVF cycle typically spans 6 to 8 weeks, involving stages such as initial consultations, ovarian stimulation, egg retrieval, fertilization, embryo transfer, and pregnancy tests.
Steps of IVF (Procedure)
1. Contraceptive Pills or Estrogen
Before starting IVF, contraceptive pills or estrogen may be prescribed to prevent ovarian cyst formation and regulate the menstrual cycle.
2. Ovarian Stimulation
Hormonal injections are administered to stimulate the ovaries, promoting the growth of multiple eggs instead of just one, as in a natural cycle.
3. Egg Retrieval
Eggs are retrieved through a minimally invasive procedure guided by ultrasound. The eggs are collected and placed in a specialized solution.
4. Fertilization
Sperm is injected into the retrieved eggs using intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The fertilized eggs are monitored for development.
5. Embryo Transfer
Embryos can either be transferred fresh (within a few days of retrieval) or frozen for future use. The transfer is performed using a catheter, placing the embryo directly into the uterus.
Pregnancy After IVF
Following embryo transfer, a pregnancy test is conducted within 9 to 14 days. Regular prenatal care, a balanced diet, and emotional support are crucial for ensuring a healthy pregnancy.