Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the most advanced stage of HIV infection, which occurs when the HIV virus attacks the immune system. HIV damages the body’s ability to fight infections by destroying white blood cells. Common symptoms of AIDS include sudden weight loss, night sweats, persistent diarrhea, and high fever. While HIV is known as the primary cause of AIDS, there is no definitive cure for the disease, but it can be managed with medication.
What is HIV/AIDS?
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) weakens the immune system by attacking T cells, making the body vulnerable to infections. If left untreated, HIV progresses to its final stage, AIDS, which severely compromises the immune system’s ability to fight infections. AIDS develops when HIV weakens the immune system to the point that the body can no longer defend itself against infections that would normally be harmless. Since there is no definitive cure, HIV remains in an infected person’s body for life.
How is HIV/AIDS Transmitted?
HIV is most commonly transmitted through unprotected sexual contact, sharing needles, and exposure to infected blood or bodily fluids. Additionally, an HIV-positive mother can pass the virus to her baby during childbirth or breastfeeding. The virus enters the body through the mouth, anus, penis, vagina, or open wounds. However, it cannot pass through healthy, intact skin. It is recommended that women of childbearing age be informed about HIV and undergo testing if necessary. Preventive medication given during pregnancy and after birth significantly reduces the risk of transmission.
What Are the Symptoms of HIV/AIDS?
After the initial exposure, HIV symptoms may include fever, sore throat, rash, and swollen lymph nodes. The most common symptoms of HIV include:
- Fever and chills
- Night sweats
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Mouth ulcers
- Muscle and joint pain
- Persistent fatigue
- Skin rashes As HIV progresses, the immune system weakens further, leading to the development of AIDS. AIDS symptoms include rapid weight loss, chronic diarrhea, frequent fever, purple or pink skin lesions, lung infections, and neurological issues such as memory loss.
How is HIV/AIDS Diagnosed?
People who suspect HIV exposure should get tested as soon as possible. The most common diagnostic tests include:
- Nucleic Acid Test (NAT, PCR): Can detect HIV infection 10-33 days after exposure.
- Antigen/Antibody Tests: Detect HIV-related antibodies in the blood 18-45 days after exposure. The ELISA test is the most widely used method.
- Western Blot Test: Used for confirmation if the ELISA test is positive.
- PCR Test: Identifies the genetic material of the virus and measures its levels in the body.
How is HIV/AIDS Treated?
Although there is no cure for AIDS, modern antiretroviral therapy (ART) can significantly reduce the viral load in the blood and help maintain immune system function. ART treatment prevents the virus from progressing to AIDS, allowing HIV-positive individuals to lead a healthy life. However, HIV cannot be completely eradicated, and lifelong treatment is required.
Frequently Asked Questions About HIV/AIDS What does it mean to be HIV-positive?
Being HIV-positive means that a person has the HIV virus in their body, which can weaken their immune system. However, with proper treatment, the virus can be controlled.
How do AIDS symptoms begin?
Early AIDS symptoms include swollen lymph nodes, fever, and skin rashes. As the disease progresses, chronic fatigue, weight loss, frequent infections, and skin lesions may develop.
When should an HIV test be taken?
If there has been a potential exposure to HIV, it is crucial to visit a healthcare provider as soon as possible to determine the appropriate testing time.
Can HIV-positive mothers breastfeed their babies?
No, since HIV can be transmitted through breast milk, HIV-positive mothers are advised not to breastfeed their infants.
Is there a definitive cure for AIDS?
Currently, there is no cure for AIDS, but medical treatments can control the disease and significantly prolong life expectancy.
Erdem Hospital emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and treatment for HIV/AIDS. We encourage regular testing and invite you to contact our specialist doctors for further information and support.