Hip osteoarthritis, also known as coxarthrosis, is a degenerative joint disease that affects the hip joint over time. It occurs when the protective cartilage covering the surfaces of the hip bones gradually wears away, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. As one of the most common forms of arthritis in older adults, hip osteoarthritis can significantly impact daily activities such as walking, bending, or climbing stairs. Understanding its causes, progression, and available treatments is essential for maintaining quality of life.
How Hip Osteoarthritis Develops
The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint where the femoral head (the ball) fits into the acetabulum (the socket) of the pelvis. Both are covered with smooth cartilage that allows painless, fluid movement. Over time, wear and tear, injuries, or underlying conditions damage this cartilage. As it thins or disappears, bones begin to rub against each other, causing inflammation, stiffness, and pain.
Risk Factors
Several factors increase the likelihood of developing coxarthrosis:
- Age: Most common in people over 50, though younger individuals may be affected after joint injuries.
- Genetics: Family history of osteoarthritis may predispose someone to earlier onset.
- Obesity: Excess weight places additional stress on the hip joint.
- Previous injuries: Fractures, dislocations, or congenital hip dysplasia increase risk.
- Repetitive strain: Occupations or sports that involve frequent hip use can accelerate cartilage damage.
- Other conditions: Inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis may worsen joint deterioration.
Symptoms of Hip Osteoarthritis
The disease often progresses gradually. Symptoms may include:
- Pain in the groin, thigh, or buttock area
- Stiffness in the hip, especially after resting or waking up
- Reduced range of motion, making it difficult to bend or rotate the hip
- Limping or changes in walking pattern due to discomfort
- Grinding or clicking sensation inside the joint
- Worsening pain with physical activity and relief during rest (in early stages)
In advanced stages, pain may persist even at rest or during the night, significantly affecting sleep and daily comfort.
Diagnosis
Doctors typically begin with a physical examination to assess pain, range of motion, and walking pattern. To confirm coxarthrosis, additional tests may include:
- X-rays: Reveal narrowing of joint space, bone spurs, or cartilage loss.
- MRI scans: Provide detailed images of cartilage and surrounding tissues.
- Blood tests: Rule out other causes of joint pain such as inflammatory arthritis.
Treatment Approaches
Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms and disease progression.
Conservative (Non-Surgical) Treatments
- Pain relief medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce inflammation and discomfort.
- Physical therapy: Exercises strengthen surrounding muscles, improve flexibility, and support the hip joint.
- Weight management: Reducing excess body weight decreases joint strain.
- Assistive devices: Walking sticks or supportive shoes can ease pressure on the hip.
- Injections: Corticosteroid or hyaluronic acid injections may provide temporary pain relief.
Surgical Treatments
When conservative methods no longer provide relief, surgery may be recommended:
- Hip resurfacing: An option for younger patients with limited damage.
- Total hip replacement (arthroplasty): The damaged joint is replaced with a prosthetic implant. This is one of the most effective procedures for restoring mobility and reducing pain in advanced osteoarthritis.
Surgical success rates are high, and modern implants are designed to last for many years, allowing patients to return to active lifestyles.
Prevention and Lifestyle Adjustments
While osteoarthritis cannot always be prevented, certain steps may delay its onset or reduce its impact:
- Maintain a healthy body weight to minimize joint stress.
- Stay active with low-impact exercises like swimming, cycling, or walking.
- Strengthen muscles around the hip through targeted physical therapy.
- Protect joints by avoiding repetitive strain and heavy lifting.
- Seek early treatment for hip injuries to prevent long-term complications.
With more than 37 years of expertise, Erdem Hospital provides comprehensive care for patients with hip osteoarthritis, offering both advanced conservative therapies and state-of-the-art surgical treatments tailored to each individual’s needs.
Frequently Asked Questions
- Is hip osteoarthritis reversible?
No, cartilage loss cannot be reversed. However, symptoms can be managed effectively with proper treatment and lifestyle adjustments. - How do I know if my hip pain is osteoarthritis or another condition?
Only medical evaluation, including imaging tests, can confirm the cause of hip pain. Conditions like bursitis or tendonitis may mimic osteoarthritis. - At what stage is hip replacement surgery necessary?
Surgery is usually considered when pain is severe, daily activities are limited, and conservative treatments no longer help. - How long does a hip replacement last?
Modern prosthetic hips often last 15–20 years or longer, depending on age, activity level, and implant type. - Can exercise worsen hip osteoarthritis?
High-impact sports may increase discomfort, but low-impact exercises and physiotherapy actually strengthen the hip and slow disease progression.