Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, occurs when the blood exerts excessive pressure against the walls of the arteries. Blood pressure readings of 140/90 mmHg or higher are considered hypertension. The main causes of high blood pressure include being overweight, an unhealthy diet (high in salt and fat, low in fruits and vegetables), lack of physical activity, excessive alcohol and tobacco use. Additionally, kidney diseases, obstructive sleep apnea, certain medications, birth control pills, and thyroid disorders can contribute to high blood pressure.
Symptoms of High Blood Pressure
Hypertension is often called the “silent killer” because it may not show noticeable symptoms. However, in some cases, it can cause:
- Headaches
- Dizziness
- Blurred vision
- Shortness of breath
- Irregular heartbeat
- Frequent urination
- Nosebleeds
- Ringing in the ears
If left untreated, hypertension can lead to serious health complications such as heart disease, kidney damage, and stroke.
What Causes Hypertension?
Hypertension can develop due to a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors. The most common risk factors include:
- Genetic predisposition: A family history of high blood pressure increases the risk.
- Excess salt intake: Consuming too much salt causes fluid retention, leading to high blood pressure.
- Obesity and poor diet: Excess body weight puts additional strain on the heart.
- Lack of physical activity: A sedentary lifestyle increases hypertension risk.
- Smoking and alcohol consumption: These habits negatively affect blood circulation and artery health.
- Stress and psychological factors: Chronic stress can cause temporary spikes in blood pressure, contributing to long-term hypertension.
How Is High Blood Pressure Diagnosed?
To diagnose hypertension, regular blood pressure measurements are required. A single high reading does not confirm hypertension, as various factors such as stress or temporary conditions may cause a sudden increase. Doctors may also use tests like electrocardiograms (ECG), echocardiograms, 24-hour blood pressure monitoring, and blood tests to assess overall heart health and potential organ damage.
Hypertension Treatment at Erdem Hospital
The primary goal of hypertension treatment is to lower blood pressure and prevent complications. Treatment strategies include:
- Lifestyle changes: Maintaining a healthy diet, reducing salt intake, engaging in regular exercise, quitting smoking, and managing stress.
- Medication therapy: Doctors may prescribe antihypertensive drugs to help control blood pressure and protect heart health.
- Regular monitoring: Since hypertension requires long-term management, routine check-ups and blood pressure monitoring are essential.
How to Prevent High Blood Pressure?
- Reduce salt and fat intake, and maintain a balanced diet.
- Engage in regular physical activity and maintain a healthy weight.
- Quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption.
- Practice stress management techniques.
- Regularly check your blood pressure to ensure it stays within a healthy range.
At Erdem Hospital, our expert team is here to help you diagnose, treat, and manage high blood pressure effectively! If you experience any hypertension symptoms or belong to a high-risk group, don’t hesitate to consult a doctor for early diagnosis and prevention.