Cortisone is one of the most frequently prescribed medications in modern medicine, valued for its strong anti-inflammatory and immune-suppressing effects. As part of the corticosteroid family, cortisone is used in the treatment of a wide range of conditions, from autoimmune disorders and allergies to asthma, skin diseases, and chronic inflammatory illnesses. While highly effective, its use requires careful monitoring to avoid unwanted side effects.
How Cortisone Works
Cortisone is a synthetic version of hormones naturally produced by the adrenal glands. These hormones help regulate metabolism, the immune system, and the body’s response to stress. When used as medication, cortisone acts by reducing inflammation and suppressing overactive immune responses. This makes it particularly valuable in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, lupus, asthma, and severe allergic reactions.
Forms of Cortisone Therapy
Cortisone can be prescribed in different forms depending on the illness and treatment goals:
- Oral tablets: Commonly used for systemic conditions such as autoimmune diseases.
- Injections: Delivered directly into joints, tendons, or inflamed tissues for targeted relief.
- Inhalers: Frequently used in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
- Topical creams and ointments: Effective in treating skin conditions like eczema, psoriasis, or allergic rashes.
- Eye or ear drops: Used for localized inflammation in ophthalmology and ENT medicine.
The choice of form depends on how widespread the inflammation is and how quickly relief is needed.
Benefits of Cortisone
When applied correctly, cortisone provides:
- Rapid reduction of inflammation and pain
- Relief from swelling and stiffness in joints
- Control of asthma attacks and breathing difficulties
- Suppression of allergic reactions
- Improvement in skin conditions with severe itching and irritation
In many chronic illnesses, cortisone allows patients to live with fewer symptoms and better quality of life.
Possible Side Effects
Like all medications, cortisone can cause side effects, especially if taken for long periods or in high doses. Possible effects include:
- Weight gain and fluid retention
- Increased blood pressure and blood sugar levels
- Thinning of the skin and easy bruising
- Bone density loss (osteoporosis) with prolonged use
- Weakened immune system and higher risk of infections
- Mood changes, sleep disturbances, or restlessness
These risks underline the importance of medical supervision and proper dosage adjustments.
How to Reduce Risks
Doctors recommend several strategies to minimize cortisone side effects:
- Using the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible duration
- Preferring local treatments (creams, inhalers, injections) instead of systemic therapy when appropriate
- Following tapering schedules rather than stopping suddenly, to prevent adrenal gland suppression
- Monitoring blood pressure, blood sugar, and bone health during longer treatments
- Adopting a balanced diet rich in calcium, vitamin D, and protein to support bone and muscle health
By carefully tailoring treatment to the patient’s needs, the benefits of cortisone can be maximized while risks are kept under control.
When to Seek Medical Advice
Patients should contact their doctor if they experience persistent side effects such as swelling, severe mood changes, frequent infections, or vision problems. Regular follow-up appointments and blood tests help ensure safe use.
With more than 37 years of medical experience, Erdem Hospital provides expert guidance in the safe use of cortisone therapies, ensuring patients benefit from its effectiveness while minimizing risks.
Frequently Asked Questions
- Can cortisone be taken long term?
Yes, but only under strict medical supervision. Long-term use requires regular monitoring to manage side effects and protect bone, heart, and metabolic health. - Why should cortisone not be stopped suddenly?
Stopping cortisone abruptly can cause adrenal insufficiency because the body needs time to restart its natural hormone production. A gradual dose reduction is always necessary. - Are cortisone injections safer than tablets?
Injections act locally and usually cause fewer systemic side effects. However, repeated injections into the same area may weaken tissues and must be limited. - Does cortisone weaken the immune system?
Yes. Cortisone reduces immune activity, which helps in inflammation but also increases susceptibility to infections. - Can lifestyle changes reduce cortisone side effects?
Absolutely. A diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, regular exercise, stress management, and avoiding smoking and excess alcohol all help counteract side effects.