Conjunctivitis, commonly known as “pink eye,” is an inflammation of the thin, transparent membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inner side of the eyelids. This membrane is called the conjunctiva, and its main role is to protect the eye and keep it lubricated. When the conjunctiva becomes inflamed, the blood vessels dilate, making the eye appear red or pink. This condition can affect one or both eyes and is highly common in both children and adults.
Types of Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis is not a single disease but a term that covers several types of eye inflammation. The most frequent forms include:
Viral conjunctivitis
This is often caused by the same viruses responsible for colds or respiratory infections. It spreads very easily through direct or indirect contact, such as touching contaminated surfaces or sharing towels.
Bacterial conjunctivitis
Triggered by bacteria such as staphylococci or streptococci, this form may cause thick, sticky discharge that can make the eyelids stick together, especially in the morning. It is also contagious and requires medical evaluation for appropriate treatment.
Allergic conjunctivitis
Unlike viral or bacterial forms, this type is not contagious. It occurs when the immune system reacts to allergens like pollen, dust mites, or animal dander. Symptoms usually include itchy eyes, tearing, and swelling.
Irritant-related conjunctivitis
Chemicals, smoke, or foreign objects in the eye can also cause conjunctival irritation. This form typically resolves once the irritant is removed.
Symptoms to Recognize
The signs of conjunctivitis may vary depending on the underlying cause, but the most common symptoms include:
- Red or pink discoloration of the eye
- Itching or burning sensation
- Watery or mucous-like discharge
- Swelling of the eyelids
- Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
- Crusting on the lashes, especially after sleep
In allergic cases, tearing and itching are more prominent, while viral and bacterial cases often present with redness and discharge.
How Conjunctivitis Spreads
The viral and bacterial types are highly contagious. They can spread:
- Through direct hand-to-eye contact after touching contaminated surfaces
- By sharing personal items like towels, makeup, or pillows
- Through droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes
Because of this, maintaining strict hygiene is critical. Regular handwashing, avoiding eye rubbing, and not sharing personal objects are important preventive steps.
When to Seek Medical Help
Although conjunctivitis is often harmless and self-limiting, medical attention is recommended if:
- Symptoms persist for more than a few days
- Vision becomes blurred or painful
- There is intense sensitivity to light
- The discharge is heavy and persistent
Infants, people with weakened immune systems, and those who wear contact lenses should be particularly cautious and consult a doctor promptly.
Treatment Approaches
Treatment depends on the type:
- Viral conjunctivitis usually improves on its own within a week or two. Supportive care such as artificial tears and cool compresses can relieve discomfort.
- Bacterial conjunctivitis may require antibiotic eye drops or ointments prescribed by a doctor.
- Allergic conjunctivitis can be managed with antihistamine eye drops and by avoiding allergens.
- Irritant-related conjunctivitis typically resolves once the irritant is eliminated, but rinsing the eye thoroughly can help.
Self-medicating with leftover eye drops or inappropriate treatments should be avoided, as this may worsen symptoms or cause complications.
With over 37 years of medical expertise and comprehensive patient care, Erdem Hospital provides professional diagnosis and tailored treatment plans for those experiencing eye conditions like conjunctivitis.
Frequently Asked Questions
- Can conjunctivitis damage vision permanently?
In most cases, conjunctivitis does not cause long-term damage. However, if left untreated, severe bacterial infections may lead to complications that affect vision. - How long is conjunctivitis contagious?
Viral and bacterial forms remain contagious as long as symptoms are present, especially during the first few days. Proper hygiene is essential to prevent spreading. - Is pink eye more common in children?
Yes, children are more prone due to close contact in schools and playgrounds, where infections can spread quickly. - Can I wear contact lenses if I have conjunctivitis?
It is best to avoid wearing contact lenses during infection. Resuming use should only be done after the eye has fully healed and with a doctor’s approval. - Are home remedies effective for conjunctivitis?
While cold compresses and artificial tears may relieve discomfort, professional evaluation is important to determine the cause and ensure proper treatment.